Echocardiogram · heart ultrasound

Understanding this heart ultrasound

An echocardiogram is an ultrasound that watches the heart beat in real time. It checks three things: how strongly the heart pumps, whether the four valves open and close properly, and the pressures inside. Here is what this report found, where each finding sits in the heart, and how serious it is.

Pump strength: strong & normal Valves: 2 mild, 1 moderate leak Lung-artery pressure: borderline Fluid around heart: none
Right atrium Right ventricle Left atrium Left ventricle Aortic valve mild leak Pulmonary valve not reported as leaking Tricuspid valve MODERATE leak Mitral valve mild leak Pericardium (sac) — no fluid build-up Arrows = blood leaking backward Mild leak (small amount) Moderate leak (more)
The heart has four rooms (chambers) and four one-way doors (valves). Blue = blood low in oxygen (right side, heading to the lungs). Red = oxygen-rich blood (left side, heading to the body). Orange/amber arrows mark where a valve is leaking backward.

How a healthy heart works

Two pumps side by side. Each side has a collecting room on top (atrium) and a pumping room below (ventricle), with a valve between them and a valve at the exit.

Right side (blue): the right atrium collects used blood from the body, sends it through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle, which pumps it through the pulmonary valve to the lungs to pick up oxygen.

Left side (red): the left atrium collects fresh blood from the lungs, sends it through the mitral valve into the left ventricle — the heart's main pump — which pushes it through the aortic valve out to the whole body.

A valve is meant to be a one-way door. When it doesn't close tightly, a little blood slips backward each beat. Doctors call that backward slip regurgitation, and they grade it trace → mild → moderate → severe.

How serious is this overall?

Taken together, this is a largely reassuring study. The most important measure on any echo — how well the heart muscle pumps — is normal and strong on both sides, and the heart is normal in size with no fluid around it. There is nothing here in the severe range and nothing that signals an emergency.

Reassuringwatch over time
One thing to monitorthe moderate leak
Needs action soon
Urgent

The two items worth following are the moderate tricuspid leak and the slightly high lung-artery pressure. These are usually watched with repeat scans rather than treated right away — but the cardiologist decides the timeline based on symptoms and history.

The pump — the good news

The squeezing strength of both ventricles is normal. This is the single most important takeaway.

Left ventricle Normal

The heart's main pumping room is normal in size and squeezing well. Two measurements confirm this:

Ejection Fraction (EF) — % of blood pushed out per beat65–70%
40%80%
What it means: with each beat the pump ejects 65–70% of the blood in the chamber. Normal is roughly 55–70% (green zone), so this is excellent.
Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS) — how much the muscle shortens−20.9%
Reducedweaker than −16%
Borderline−16 to −18%
Normal−18% or more
What it means: a more sensitive measure of muscle squeeze. It is written as a negative number (the muscle gets shorter), and more negative is better. −20.9% sits comfortably in the healthy zone — an early, reassuring sign the muscle is healthy even beyond the EF.

Right ventricle Normal

The room that pumps blood to the lungs is normal in size and function.

TAPSE — how far the right pump's floor moves per beat2.0 cm
0.8 cm2.4 cm
What it means: a simple gauge of right-pump strength. Normal is above ~1.7 cm (green zone); 2.0 cm is healthy. This matters because the right side is the one under a little extra pressure (below) — and it is handling it well.

The valves — where the leaks are

Three of the four valves let a little blood slip backward. Two are mild; one is moderate. Grade runs trace → mild → moderate → severe.

Aortic valve Mild leak

The exit door from the main pump to the body lets a small amount slip back into the left ventricle.

None
Mild
Moderate
Severe

Where: top of the left ventricle, where the aorta begins (top-right of the picture).

Mitral valve Mild leak

The door between the left collecting room and the main pump lets a small amount slip back into the left atrium.

None
Mild
Moderate
Severe

Where: between the left atrium and left ventricle (right side of the picture).

Tricuspid valve Moderate leak

This is the most notable finding. The door between the right collecting room and the right pump lets a moderate amount of blood slip backward into the right atrium each beat. Three numbers describe it — together they place it in the moderate band, comfortably below the severe cut-offs.

None
Mild
Moderate
Severe
ERO — size of the leaky opening0.30 cm²
00.50 cm²
What it means: the effective hole the blood leaks through. Under 0.20 = mild, 0.20–0.39 = moderate, 0.40+ = severe. At 0.30 this is mid-moderate.
Regurgitant volume — how much slips back per beat26 mL
060 mL
What it means: the actual backward volume each beat. Severe would be 45 mL or more; at 26 mL it is well short of severe.
RV systolic pressure — estimated pressure toward the lungs37 mmHg
1560 mmHg
What it means: an estimate of the pressure in the artery to the lungs, calculated from this tricuspid leak. Normal is roughly under 35 (green); 37 is borderline/mildly elevated (amber). A small bump like this is common and often linked to the tricuspid leak itself. Note: an echo estimates this pressure — it can be off by 10 mmHg either way, so it is a screening number, not a precise one.

Where: between the right atrium and right ventricle (left side of the picture). Because the leak and the lung-artery pressure are measured from the same jet, they are linked findings and tend to be followed together.

Pulmonary valve Not flagged

The fourth valve — the exit from the right pump to the lungs — was not reported as leaking, so there is nothing to act on there.

The sac around the heart

Pericardium No fluid

The heart sits inside a thin protective sac called the pericardium. “No pericardial effusion” means there is no abnormal fluid collecting around the heart — another reassuring, normal finding.

!

The honest read — how worried to be

Not a dangerous or emergency report. The reasons it leans reassuring: the muscle pumps normally on both sides, the heart is a normal size, and there is no fluid around it. Nothing here is in the severe category.

The mild aortic and mitral leaks are very common, especially with age, and are usually just monitored, not treated. They are also a common, harmless reason a doctor might hear a soft murmur through a stethoscope.

The moderate tricuspid leak and the borderline 37 mmHg pressure are the two things genuinely worth following. “Moderate” is the third of four grades — meaningful enough to keep an eye on, but a long way from severe, and the right pump is clearly coping well (the healthy TAPSE shows that). The usual approach is a repeat echo on a schedule the cardiologist sets, watching for any change.

Worth raising with the cardiologist

  • How often should the moderate tricuspid leak and the 37 mmHg pressure be re-checked?
  • Is there an underlying cause for the pressure or the leak worth looking into?
  • Which symptoms should prompt an earlier visit rather than waiting for the next scan?

Symptoms that would warrant earlier attention

  • New or worsening shortness of breath, especially lying flat or with light activity
  • Swelling in the ankles, legs, or abdomen
  • Unusual fatigue, palpitations, dizziness, or fainting

This page explains what the report's words and numbers mean — it isn't a diagnosis. The cardiologist who ordered the scan reads these findings alongside symptoms, exam, and history, which is what ultimately matters. If anything here is concerning or changing, that conversation is the right next step.